Communicate facetoface

1. Words are pronounced clearly, using an accent that does not cause difficulties in understanding

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Information is conveyed in clearly structured sentences without confusion or ambiguity

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Extensive vocabulary is used to accurately communicate on general and technical topics, without excessive use of jargon, slang, or colloquial language

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Messages are communicated fluently without long pauses, repetition, or excessive false starts

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Communications are responded to with actions that demonstrate that the information has been received and understood

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Information is exchanged clearly in a variety of situations with both expert and non-expert English speakers while giving and receiving timely and appropriate responses

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Techniques are used to validate communications

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Conduct operational communication using an aeronautical radio

1. Plain English is used effectively when standard phraseology is inadequate

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Appropriate responses to transmissions are received

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Transmissions are responded to, and appropriate action is taken

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Communication errors and misunderstandings are recognised and managed effectively

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Clarification is sought in the time available if a message is unclear or uncertainty exists

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Plan fuel requirements

1. Required fuel reserves are determined

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Quantity of fuel required is determined taking into account operational requirements and relevant abnormal or emergency conditions and contingencies

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Total fuel required for the flight is determined

1. Fuel quantity on-board aircraft prior to flight is verified using two independent methods

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Fuel caps are secured and confirmed

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Fuel quality check prior to flight is performed

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Fuel drain cocks are closed

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Fuel usage during the flight is monitored

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Fuel pumps and engine controls are operated correctly

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Maintain effective lookout

1. Traffic separation is maintained using a systematic visual scan technique at a rate determined by traffic density, visibility, and terrain

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Radio listening watch is maintained, and transmissions are interpreted to determine traffic location and intentions

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Airspace-cleared procedure is performed before commencing any manoeuvre

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Comply with airspace requirements

1. Correct aeronautical charts are interpreted and used to maintain airspace compliance requirements

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Circuit departure is performed

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Helicopter is maintained within a specified area and/or track while complying with air traffic requirements, controlled or restricted airspace conditions or limitations while reacting to factors that affect the safe progress of a flight

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Orientation is maintained to geographical features with the aid of suitable charts and maps

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Circuit join is conducted

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Recognise and manage threats

1. Relevant environmental or operational threats that are likely to affect the safety of the flight are identified

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Competing priorities and demands that may represent a threat to the safety of the flight are identified

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Countermeasures to manage threats are developed and implemented

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Flight progress is monitored and assessed to ensure a safe outcome, or actions modified when a safe outcome is not assured

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Recognise and manage errors

1. Checklists and standard operating procedures (SOPs) are applied to prevent aircraft handling, procedural or communication errors

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Committed errors before safety is affected or the aircraft enters an undesired state are identified

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Countermeasures are implemented to prevent errors or actions taken in the time available to correct errors before the aircraft enters an undesired state

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Recognise and manage undesired aircraft state

1. Undesired aircraft state is recognised

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Tasks are prioritised to ensure an undesired aircraft state is managed effectively

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Non-normal or emergency situations are recognised

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Control of aircraft flight path is maintained during abnormal and emergency response procedures

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Affected aircraft system or sub-system is identified and confirmed

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Checklist procedures are recalled and implemented during abnormal and emergency situations using appropriate techniques

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Non-normal or emergency procedures are performed in accordance with relevant workplace and emergency procedures and regulatory requirements

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Corrective actions are applied to recover an undesired aircraft state in a safe and timely manner

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Course of action is evaluated and revised to achieve safest outcomes

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Location and operation of emergency systems applicable to aircraft type are explained

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Conduct pre-flight actions and procedures

1. Information contained in the required pre-flight operational documentation is obtained, interpreted, and applied

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Aircraft weight and balance is confirmed

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Pre- and post-flight maintenance release (flight technical log) and flight administration is completed in accordance with regulatory requirements and/or operations manual

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Aircraft serviceability is determined by daily inspection, and certification of daily inspection in maintenance release (flight and technical log) is completed in accordance with regulations

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Equipment and documentation, as required by regulation, is identified, and secured in aircraft

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Hazards are identified, risks are assessed, and hazard management implemented

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Internal and external checks are completed in accordance with approved checklist

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Start engine and rotor

1. Helicopter is positioned with a view to safety and rotor clearance when starting engine and rotors

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Pre-start and start actions are performed

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Blade sailing is controlled during start by appropriate positioning of helicopter and use of cyclic pitch

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Control main rotor disc and anti-torque system

1. From straight and level flight, attitude and power is adjusted to achieve a climb at normal, best rate (Vy), best angle (Vx) and cruise climb flight configurations

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Aircraft systems, sub-systems (equipment) and devices applicable to aircraft type and task are operated and managed

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Aircraft systems, sub-systems (equipment) and devices are monitored using a systematic scan technique

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Aircraft systems and flight environment information are analysed to identify actual and potential threats or errors

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Automated aircraft systems are utilised to manage cockpit workload

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Checklist procedures are completed as appropriate to aircraft system

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Correct altimeter settings are set

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Helicopter is maintained in balanced flight during adjustments to power

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Power is maintained as altitude increases

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Helicopter is levelled off from climb at nominated altitude

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Lookout is maintained during climb using a systematic scan technique at a rate determined by traffic density, visibility, and terrain

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Situational awareness is maintained

1. Attitude and power are adjusted to enter and maintain a descent from straight and level

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Helicopter is levelled from a descent at a nominated altitude

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Lookout is maintained using a systematic scan technique at a rate determined by traffic density, visibility, or terrain

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Clearance ahead and below is maintained

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Air traffic control (ATC) altitude restrictions are observed as required

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Helicopter does not exceed aircraft flight manual limits during descent

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Situational awareness is maintained at all times during helicopter descent

1. Attitude and power are adjusted to enter and maintain turns at varying rates from level, climbing and descending flight to achieve nominated tracks, during level turns, climbing turns with 20° bank angle and powered descending turn with 30° bank angle

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Helicopter is rolled out from the turn to achieve a nominated heading or geographical feature

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Helicopter is balanced and trimmed, as applicable

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Lookout is maintained in direction of turn and above or below using a systematic scan technique at a rate determined by traffic density, visibility and terrain

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Engine operating limits are not exceeded

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Conduct lift-off to hover and perform hover checks

1. Aircraft performance is calculated for the flight

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Pre-take-off checks are performed

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Flight controls are set to prepare for lift-off to the hover

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Flight and power controls are used to lift helicopter off the surface to a stable hover at the appropriate height for the helicopter while controlling heading

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Wind effect is anticipated and accounted for with appropriate control inputs to maintain position over nominated hover point

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Awareness of adverse effects of rotor downwash on surrounding aircraft, people, objects and environment is demonstrated

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Hover checks are performed

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Flight control functions, centre of gravity and hover power requirements are checked

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A hover taxi manoeuvre at a constant and safe hover height, is commenced, maintained and stopped while maintaining power and rotor revolutions per minute (RRPM) within the limits

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Coordinated corrective action is used to counter the effects of wind

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Implications of environmental conditions are assessed and appropriate compensation is made

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Helicopter is maintained clear of obstructions

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Lookout is maintained using a systematic scan technique at a rate determined by traffic density, visibility or terrain

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Perform turns around the mast

1. Helicopter is turned around the mast while maintaining a constant height at a specified rate of turn

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Turn is completed on a nominated heading

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Controlled corrective action is used to control the effects of wind

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Lookout is maintained using a systematic scan technique at a rate determined by traffic density, visibility, obstructions and terrain

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Revolutions per minute (RPM) is managed within limits during the turn

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Perform air taxiing manoeuvres

1. Helicopter is manoeuvred over the ground on a prescribed track at constant height associated with ground effect and speed adjusted to suit helicopter type, surface conditions, congestion, maintenance of control and to avoid collision with obstacles or other aircraft

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Landing gear is aligned as far as operational limitations allow, with the direction of travel

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RPM is managed within normal operating limits

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Perform air transiting

1. Transit clearance is obtained and complies with ATC instructions (if applicable)

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Helicopter is manoeuvred, while allowing for prevailing conditions, over a prescribed track at a height not above 100 ft above ground level (AGL) at airspeeds greater than speeds used for air taxiing

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Movement is limited within the aerodrome boundaries, without incident

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Helicopter remains clear of manufacturer’s height-velocity diagram avoid area

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Instruments, switches or devices are manipulated, when safe to do so, including when the release of the collective pitch level is required, while maintaining height, heading, speed and attitude and not exceeding RPM or power limits

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Conditions that could lead to loss of tail rotor or anti-torque effectiveness are avoided

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Helicopter is aligned with track, or balances, as applicable

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Air transit ground speed is adjusted to suit helicopter type, traffic conditions, congestion and maintenance of control and to avoid collision with obstacles or other aircraft

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RRPM is maintained within normal operating limits

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Adverse effect of rotor wash on other aircraft, facilities, loose objects and personnel are avoided

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Final approach path is clear of conflicting traffic

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Hover helicopter in crosswind and tailwind

1. Helicopter is maintained in hovering flight remaining over a nominated hover point at a nominated height and heading in cross and tail winds

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Coordinated corrective action is used to maintain a constant rate of turn and counter the effects of wind

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Perform turns around nose and tail

1. Helicopter is turned around a nominated point on or forward of the nose while maintaining a constant height and specified rate of movement around that point

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Helicopter is turned around a nominated point on or aft of the tail while maintaining a constant height and specified rate of movement around that point

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Controlled corrective action is taken to counter the effects of wind

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Helicopter is maintained clear of obstructions during turning manoeuvres

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Turns in a specified direction are commenced and stopped at a specified heading

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RPM is managed within limits during the turn

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Ground track is maintained at a constant distance from the nominated point

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Anti-torque pedals are used to ensure helicopter nose or tail is pointed at the nominated turning point

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Perform sideways and rearwards flight

1. Helicopter is transitioned from static hover to sideways and rearward flight

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Lookout is maintained in direction of flight using a systematic scan technique at a rate determined by traffic density, visibility, obstructions and terrain

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Rearward movement is only conducted after visually checking behind helicopter, and height is adjusted as required

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Helicopter directional control is maintained and manoeuvred clear of obstructions during sidewards and backwards flight manoeuvres

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Rate of movement of helicopter is maintained at a safe speed

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Sideways and rearward flight is terminated over a nominated hover point

1. Pre-landing checks are complete if applicable

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Helicopter is lowered on to a nominated point from hovering flight using a controlled rate of descent, without adverse longitudinal, lateral, yawing or rolling movements

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Helicopter is stable on its landing gear prior to fully lowering collective

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Post-landing checks are performed

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Manage a mishandled landing

1. An adverse landing situation is identified when developing

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Action is taken to discontinue the landing and return to a safe hover

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Manage a mishandled lift-off

1. An adverse lift-off situation is identified when it is developing

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Action is taken to discontinue the lift-off and return to the ground safely

1. Shutdown and post-shutdown actions are performed

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Blade sailing is controlled during shut down by correct positioning of helicopter and use of cyclic pitch

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Rotor brake is operated correctly, as applicable

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Complete post-flight actions and procedures

1. Post-flight inspection is conducted and the aircraft is secured if applicable

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All required post-flight administration documentation is completed

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Flight equipment and documentation are removed from aircraft

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Aircraft is secured in accordance with manufacturer specifications and organisational procedures

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